The .doc filename extension is a native file extension used by the closed source document processing application Microsoft Office Word. Initially developed and used by Microsoft since 1983, the filename extension .doc continues to be supported natively even in the most recent iteration of the word processing application Microsoft Office Word 2013. The more recent .docx filename extension however was introduced by Microsoft in Office Word 2007, becoming the default filename extension. Documents to be saved in the .doc format are saved as Word 97, 2003 documents.
In an effort to create an open document standard, Microsoft in collaboration with ISO/IEC and Ecma, developed the Office Open XML standard in 2006. One of the filename extensions supported in this specification is the .docx extension, a text document filename extension. The .docx was introduced in Microsoft Office Word 2007 and has been supported ever since in later iterations. It has become the default filename extension for all text documents produced using Microsoft Office Word. Given the open source nature of the XML specification, more alternative document processing applications support read and write capabilities on documents saved with the .docx filename extension. This is in comparison to the .doc filename extension which is a proprietary asset owned by Microsoft.
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.doc was extended to Mircosoft Office XML formats with the latest revision occuring in November 2013. The .doc filename extension is not an open format but was superceded by .docx in Office Word 2007 which is an open format supported by some document processing applications. It is primarily associated with pre-Microsoft Office Word 2007.
The .docx filename extension is specified in the open standard ISO/IEC 29500-1:2012. A free compatibility update allows older versions of Microsoft Office Word such as Office 2003 to open .docx documents.
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